Stevia

Transplanting:

To transplant Stevia to the ground or a larger area, ensure that:

• The hole is made at least as wide as the plant pot, and
• the depth of the hole is such that the top of the soil from the stevia plant is level with the surface soil of the ground or larger area.
• It is advised not to remove much of the roots from the stevia when transplanting unless you notice extreme root bound. If the plant (has extreme root bound) has lots of roots that are knotted up particularly at the bottom of the pot, you can cut under 30% of the roots, primarily at the bottom of the pot, and also remove some of the older leaves if the plant has lots of leaves.
• Ensure that stevia gets lots of water shortly after transplanting to lessen the effects of plant shock.
• Stevia is known to have a shallow root system so it would not require much more soil depth when transplanting

Light Conditions:

Stevia loves the sun!

• Full Sun:
  Aim to provide your Stevia plant with 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
• In areas with intense afternoon sun, a bit of light shade can help prevent leaf scorching.
• Indoors:
  If you're growing Stevia indoors, place it near a bright window to ensure it gets enough light.

Temperature and Humidity:

• Warm Temperatures:
  Ideal daytime temperatures range between 21°C to 30°C.
• Moderate Humidity:
  Stevia enjoys moderate humidity but requires good air circulation to prevent fungal issues, especially during the rainy season.

Soil:

• Stevia thrives in well-draining, sandy or loamy soil that's rich in organic matter.
• Ideally, the soil should have a slightly acidic to neutral pH between 6.10 and 7.50.
• If your soil is heavy or clay-like, consider amending it with compost or planting Stevia in raised beds or containers to improve drainage.
• Stevia has been reported to grow from sea-level up to 1,500 metres in semi-arid conditions at grasslands to mountain terrains and at the edges of marshes.
• Mulch (such as grass clippings and wood chips) can be added to the surface of the soil to retain moisture and keep down weeds.

Watering Frequency:

• Stevia prefers consistently moist soil, but it's crucial to avoid waterlogging.
• Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
• During the dry season, you might need to water more frequently, while in the rainy season, ensure excess water drains away to prevent root rot.

Amendments and Fertiliser:

Stevia does not require heavy feeding.

• Use a balanced, organic fertiliser sparingly, and consider supplementing with compost or compost tea during the growing season.
• Over-fertilising, especially with nitrogen-rich fertilisers, can lead to lush foliage with reduced sweetness.

Pruning and Maintenance:

• Regular pruning encourages bushier growth and more leaves.
• Pinch back the tips of the stems to promote branching.
• Remove any flower buds as they appear to maintain the sweetness of the leaves, as flowering can lead to a bitter taste.

Pest and Disease Control:

• Pests:
  Stevia is relatively pest-resistant but can occasionally attract aphids, whiteflies or slugs. Regularly inspect your plant and, if needed, treat infestations with neem oil or insecticidal soap.
• Diseases:
  Ensure good air circulation around the plant to prevent fungal diseases.

Propagation:

Stevia is best propagated through stem cuttings or division for consistent sweetness and healthy plants. Seeds have low germination rates and may produce less sweet plants.

• By Cuttings:
  It is best done during the cooler part of the day and in early morning hours. Also, protect cuttings from strong sun and rain until well rooted. Take 4 to 6 inch cuttings from a healthy, mature plant. Remove the lower leaves, keeping 2 to 4 leaves at the top. Dip the cut end in natural rooting hormone (optional). Plant in a well-draining, moist mix (coco peat + sand or compost). Keep in bright, indirect light and maintain humidity by covering with a clear plastic bag or placing in a shaded, sheltered spot. Roots develop in 2 weeks, after which they can be potted up or transplanted.
• By Division:
  Useful if your plant has formed a large, healthy clump. Best done during the early rainy season for minimal stress. Gently dig up a mature plant and divide the root ball into smaller sections, each with healthy roots and stems. Replant immediately in pots or garden beds. Water thoroughly and keep shaded until established.
• By Seeds:
  Use fresh seeds, as they lose viability quickly. Sow seeds indoors or in a shaded nursery using a fine seed-starting mix. Lightly press seeds onto the surface (do not bury). Mist with water and cover with plastic or a humidity dome. Place in warm, bright conditions (20–25°C). Germination takes 7 to 14 days, though success is often inconsistent.

The primary constituents of Stevia that contribute to its sweetness and health benefits include:

• Steviol Glycosides -
  These include Stevioside, Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside C, Rebaudioside D, Rebaudioside E and Rebaudioside F, Dulcoside A and Rubusoside. Steviol Glycosides are the main sweet-tasting compounds found in the leaves.
• Flavonoids -
  Flavonoids such as Quercetin, Kaempferol and Apigenin provide antioxidant activity.
• Tannins -
  Tannins offer mild antimicrobial and astringent properties.
• Alkaloids -
  Alkaloids are present in small amounts and may influence physiological effects.
• Essential Oils -
  Stevia Essential Oils include compounds such as Linalool and Caryophyllene which contribute to aroma.
• Chlorophyll and Xanthophylls -
  Chlorophyll and Xanthophylls are natural pigments providing green coloration and antioxidant support.
• Vitamins and Minerals -
  Stevia contains small quantities of Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Potassium, Magnesium, Zinc and Iron.

 

These constituents are largely responsible for Stevia’s non-caloric sweetness, antioxidant activity and potential therapeutic uses in regulating blood sugar and reducing inflammation.

Stevia is a tropical treasure in the Caribbean garden—valued for its sweet flavour, powerful medicinal properties, and versatility in culinary, cosmetic and natural health applications. From its flavourful leaves to its beneficial stems and delicate flowers, each part of the plant offers unique and practical uses.

 

Entire Plant -

Stevia has beneficial ecological uses which can be seen in the ecology section. Stevia's aerial parts—leaves and stems together—are commonly used in herbal blends for general wellness. These combinations support metabolic health, enhance digestion and can be used as a daily tonic tea. For a household sweetener tea blend, dry entire young sprigs (leaves and stems), then store in an airtight container. Use a small handful per cup of boiling water.

 

Stems -

Though not as potent in sweetness, Stevia stems can be included with the leaves in teas or tinctures to make full use of the plant. They also make excellent additions to compost, helping to enrich soil structure and organic matter.

• Immune Health and Detoxifying Effects:

  Stems contain small amounts of steviol glycosides and can support immune health when brewed with the leaves. When dried and powdered, they can be added to bath soaks for a gentle detoxifying effect.

 

Leaves -

• Culinary Uses:

  The leaves are the star of the Stevia plant, offering a naturally sweet taste that’s up to 300 times sweeter than cane sugar—without the calories. Use fresh or dried leaves to sweeten teas, desserts, smoothies and sauces. Finely ground dried leaves make an excellent green powder sweetener, while whole leaves can be steeped into herbal infusions.

• Blood Sugar Support:

  Stevia leaves are widely used as a natural alternative for sugar by people managing diabetes or insulin resistance. Stevioside, a key compound in the leaves, has been shown to help lower blood glucose and enhance insulin sensitivity.

• Cardiovascular Health:

  Regular consumption of Stevia leaf infusions may contribute to lower blood pressure and improved heart function, particularly in individuals with mild hypertension.

• Digestive Health and Detoxification:

  The anti-inflammatory properties of the leaves help soothe indigestion, bloating and acidity. Stevia leaf tea supports liver health and acts as a mild diuretic, helping the body flush out toxins.

• Oral Hygiene:

  The leaves’ natural antibacterial properties help fight off harmful mouth bacteria. You can prepare a natural mouth rinse using Stevia tea to help prevent cavities and gum disease.

• Cosmetic Use:

  Stevia leaf infusions can be used in DIY face toners and skin-cleansing products due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. These preparations help combat acne, soothe irritation, and refresh the skin.

Flowers -

• Pollinator-Friendly:

  The tiny white flowers of Stevia attract bees and beneficial insects to the garden, supporting pollination for surrounding plants and enhancing biodiversity.

• Aesthetic and Herbal Blends:

  While not commonly used on their own, the flowers can be added to dried tea blends for their mild flavour and visual appeal.

 

Preparation Methods:

• Tea:

  Steep 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried or crushed leaves in hot water for 5 to 10 minutes.

• Tincture:

  Soak chopped leaves in alcohol or glycerin for several weeks, then strain.

• Sweetener Powder:

  Dry and finely grind the leaves; use in baking or beverages.

• Skin Toner:

  Brew a strong tea, cool it, and apply to the face with a cotton pad.

Pollinator-Friendly Plant -

Stevia’s small white flowers attract bees, butterflies and other beneficial insects, helping to support healthy pollination cycles in your garden.

 

Improves Soil Health -

When trimmed and returned to the soil, Stevia’s leaves and stems add organic matter that enriches the soil and promotes microbial life.

 

Supports Biodiversity -

By attracting beneficial insects and offering ground coverage, Stevia contributes to a balanced and diverse garden ecosystem.

 

Chemical-Free Sweetener Crop -

Growing your own Stevia reduces dependence on processed sugar and chemically laden sweeteners, promoting a more sustainable and health-conscious lifestyle.

• Generally Recognised as Safe:
  Stevia leaf and its extracts, especially purified Steviol Glycosides, are recognised as safe for consumption by regulatory agencies including the FDA and EFSA. Traditional use of the whole leaf in teas and foods has a long history in South America and globally, with no major safety concerns when consumed in moderation.
• Gastrointestinal Issues:
  In some individuals, large amounts of Stevia may cause bloating, nausea or a feeling of fullness.
• Allergic Reactions:
  Rare but possible, especially in people allergic to plants in the Asteraceae family (like daisies, marigolds, or ragweed).
• Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure Effects:
  While Stevia may help regulate blood sugar and lower blood pressure, it can potentially amplify the effects of medications for diabetes or hypertension. Caution is advised when used alongside such treatments.
• Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women:
  Due to limited research, it's advised to consult a healthcare provider before use.
• Children Under 2 years:
  Whole-leaf Stevia should be introduced with caution in very young children.

 

It is advised that you consult with your physician before taking any herbal medicine.